General
Does endometriosis increase cancer risk?
The short answer
Yes, endometriosis increases ovarian cancer risk up to ten times, but most people with endometriosis never develop cancer. Research suggests there may be a slightly increased risk of other cancer subtypes, though the overall risk for these generally remains low.
Yes. Endometriosis is not cancer, and most people with endometriosis never develop cancer, but it increases the risk of ovarian cancer up to ten times. Details matter, and evaluation with a specialist who understands both cancer and endometriosis can help determine your individual risk. Overall, this still affects a small number of people, but it is very prudent to review family history and consider potential genetic testing. Research suggests there may be a slightly increased risk for other cancer subtypes as well, but an individual’s overall (absolute) risk for these generally remains low.
That said, some forms of endometriosis, particularly deep infiltrating disease and ovarian endometriomas, can behave aggressively inside the pelvis, distort anatomy, and share a few molecular features seen in cancers. This doesn’t mean the disease is malignant, but it can make treatment more complex and sometimes requires advanced, organ-sparing surgical skill when fertility preservation is a priority. If you’re worried about your personal risk or have an endometrioma or deep disease suspected on imaging, our team can review your history and studies and help you understand what applies to you.
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Worried About Cancer Risk?
Endometriosis can increase your ovarian cancer risk, but specialists can assess your individual situation and guide you on next steps. We’re here to help you understand your risks and options with expert care.
Questions people ask next
All general questionsCan endometriosis become cancer?
Yes, endometriosis can rarely become cancer, but for the vast majority of people it does not. Endometriosis itself is not cancer, and the best-supported link is with certain ovarian cancers. The risk appears highest when the ovaries are involved.
Which cancers are linked to endometriosis, and how strong is the evidence?
The strongest and most consistent evidence shows an association between endometriosis and clear cell and endometrioid ovarian cancers. The risk increase is relative to people without endometriosis, and most patients with endometriosis will never develop cancer.
Does endometrioma removal or excision surgery reduce cancer risk?
Removing an endometrioma or excising endometriosis can remove tissue where atypical changes could rarely develop, but surgery is not typically done primarily to prevent cancer. The link with cancer is complex, and the absolute risk for most patients remains low.
Does HRT raise cancer risk after endometriosis?
Research on whether HRT raises cancer risk after endometriosis is limited. Endometriosis is associated with a slightly higher lifetime risk of certain ovarian cancers, but the overall risk for most people remains low. HRT decisions are usually individualized.
Further reading
Evaluating Cancer Risk in Endometriosis
Understand how endometriosis affects ovarian, breast, thyroid, and cervical cancer risk, plus symptoms to watch, screening guidance, and ways to lower risk.
Does Endometriosis Cause Cancer? What Research Actually Shows
Explore the link between endometriosis and cancer risk. Get reliable insights based on recent research for informed health decisions.
Postmenopausal Endometriosis: Risks and Key Insights
Learn about postmenopausal endometriosis: who is at risk, diagnosis and treatment basics, and why malignant transformation is rare but worth knowing.
