Epidemiology

Explore who is affected by endometriosis , how risks vary, and what population data reveal about endo—prevalence, comorbidities, genetics, and outcomes—to guide screening, diagnosis, and care decisions.

Overview

Endometriosis epidemiology looks at how often endo occurs, who is most affected, and how patterns differ across age, geography, and communities. About 1 in 10 people of reproductive age are affected, with higher rates among those evaluated for infertility or chronic pelvic pain. Disease can begin in adolescence and, while less common, may persist after menopause. Adenomyosis which is more prevalent than endo, frequently coexists, particularly with advancing age and heavy bleeding, which can influence symptoms and care planning.

Population data highlight risk modifiers such as early menarche, shorter menstrual cycles, heavy or prolonged periods, family history, and certain congenital reproductive tract anomalies. Studies also reveal diagnostic delays and inequities—people from Black, Hispanic/Latine, and Indigenous communities are less likely to be diagnosed promptly despite similar symptom burdens. Large cohorts show common comorbidities, including IBS, interstitial cystitis, migraine, pelvic floor dysfunction, and some autoimmune conditions. Use these insights to discuss timely evaluation and tailored care with your clinician, and explore related topics in Diagnostics & Imaging, Genetics, Related Conditions, and Fertility & Reproductive Health.

How common is endometriosis?

Roughly 10% of reproductive age women are affected. Prevalence rises in specific clinical settings—endometriosis is found in a significant proportion of those undergoing evaluation for infertility or chronic pelvic pain.

Who is at higher risk based on population studies?

Earlier first period, shorter cycles, heavy or prolonged bleeding, family history, and certain reproductive tract anomalies increase risk. Pregnancy or hormonal therapies may suppress symptoms but do not reduce risk, prevent or cure endometriosis.

Do race and ethnicity affect diagnosis rates?

Endometriosis occurs across all races and ethnicities, but studies show lower diagnosis rates and longer delays among Black, Hispanic/Latine, and Indigenous patients. Contributing factors include access barriers, bias, and symptom dismissal, underscoring the need for equitable evaluation when symptoms suggest endometriosis.

Is endometriosis hereditary?

Family clustering is well documented, and having an affected first‑degree relative increases risk up to ten‑fold. Research is ongoing to identify gene variants that contribute to susceptibility; see Genetics for more detail.

What other conditions commonly occur alongside endometriosis?

Epidemiologic studies report frequent overlap with IBS, interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, migraine, pelvic floor dysfunction, mood disorders, adenomyosis, and fibroids. Recognizing these patterns can guide coordinated care; learn more in IBS / IBD, Interstitial Cystitis, Pelvic Floor Dysfunction, Autoimmune Conditions, and Fibroids.